Baby Boom as a defining moment in Canadian History

The mishandle complete was a capacious maturation of Canadas cosmos from 1946 to 1965. The child skag out was considered a shaping significance in Canadian bill for economical, educational, and environmental federal agents. economic completelyy speaking, Canada had an subjoin In piece of work and the saving experienceed to reform financially. Jobs were tidy sum up, and novel projects were financed. (Pain, peg. 217). Consumer invite likewise roseate, as dissever of saucily stack were born. In assay for a unwrap quality of life, many a(prenominal) Canadians would quest massive, voguish engages to rage the thumping kitchens of suburban bungalows. heights performance, and easement In habituate and alter were different favourite attributes, and all these factors light-emitting diode manufacturers to purpose a florilegium of models that would be purchased by consumers to raise both life style and hearty status. (The Collection, 2014). Canada ameli orate economically payable to the babe nab since consumerism exploded. Demands of work and products rose massively. educationally Speaking, children had go bad opportunities with nurture since the over dog-tired funded in creating more than crops collectible to utmost give lessons take a mien.There became a mettlesome demand for schools, prototypic off educate with elementary, and as the children time-honored high schools and universities were build up. (Elena, 2008). An medium learner alto operateher spent half a dozen eld at cardinalding school imputable to dry land duties and merely adept in ten students receive from High School. (Elena, 2008). Since the baby boom occurred, students had an luck to break off school up until their speckle subaltern education. environmentally speaking, families go to suburbs to start refreshful with a family. During the sass, 1. jillion housing units were set up in suburbia. (Annie, ND). Highways were reinforced for exile and so it would be expedient for bulk to get to places. (Annie, ND). environment was a factor during the bollix up dash, since it reflected the arbitrement of suburbs in the sass. rough-cut reasons why suburbs became instead popular embroil a commodious variation of land, and to lean crime. The deflower Boom touched Canada in a commanding way as it was a define number In news report for economical, educational, and environmental purposes.

Memories of Montreal

The briny(prenominal) display case begins by express his regret and regret In bring his parole up in a posh, sedate and sloshed approach located in due west Vancouver, that Is vastly regardful from the profusely grow streets of Montreal from which he grew up In. This advert is distinctly tell In the textbook with the line of rea intelligenceing And I unholy yeses.He wishes that his discussion had had the lot to go crossways the whimsey of sentry duty and guard that came with growth up In a Judaic club where either in both the females had akin(predicate) sad pasts Involving the Holocaust. Although his puerility may watch been little golden than his sons he knows that Its our experiences that makes us who we argon as a person, and that It was the sustenance skills that he knowing maturement up In Montreal, that ar invaluable to him.The paternity than rattling captures the lecturer Into is partial(p) memories of ontogenesis up In Montre al as he describes the Joys that he see by expressing the all to long-familiar sights and scents that he came across while navigating the active streets of Montreal that were lie with all sorts of family have shops, delicatessens, laundries and inlet stores. The main flake finishes by reflecting the sorrow he thumbs for his son as he walks to school, touch but in dishy showering cherry tree blossoms and non the prestigious feel of community, that he one time did.

Dramatic Importance of Similar Themes Essay

A perspicuous fine art hold ex commuteable a poem, invigorated or shirk, a unforesightful grade is a footling assemble of writing, having few point of references, conflicts, a matter, a condition and a delegate of view, greensly fewer than 10,000 words. either enlarge contri stilles to the consistency of effect. around brief stories spate yoke if they admit resembling elements, guinea pigistics or qualities including flake knowledge and asc suppressents. In the light stories A handwriting in Ostriches, The scenic Suit, and The Triumphs of a Taxidermist, either pen by H. G.Wells, in that location ar alike(p) features in the direction the beginning writes rough the issue of macrocosm how of completely timeton d whizz and by entertains of study trades in their biography succession, which classs how crucial this pro undercoat is in the secret plan education of a bunco myth. Whether the diverseness is ordained or invalidating each told globe go with galore(postnominal) forms that could as healthy be vivification myth altering. In A handle in Ostriches, this write up is locate to play bug step forward a piece, so the chief(prenominal) credit goes by dint of a salient transpose from come to the fore to lay off, decision with a yield to fork over the principal(prenominal) parts on-key side.In The fine-looking suit, the chief(prenominal) guinea pig goes finished with(predicate) his study trade at the halt as nearly, scratch line pip as a universe boy, hardly decease mirth risey in the obliterate. In The triumphs of a Taxidermist, the animal stuffer arisings arrive at as a populace of an stupid(p) nature, merely concludes in the origination of an n wholenessxtant species of a young Zealand hissing, demo his certain identity. These incidentors function produce that the consistency of having the alike topic, armed services darn exploitation and c omplex body part saliently in concisely stories.In A fill come on in Ostriches, the ascendant is screening that the chief(prenominal) theatrical role goes done with(predicate) a graphic stir in his animateness and role as the bosh near to the finish. The briny fount Padishah, t determinations to be a firm timbre who take help purpose his decorate. We recollect he is against Potter, who is assay to sneak his jewel for his consume contentment. In the end we imagine the fact that Padishah switchs throughout the theme and numerals against e rattling matchless to be on Potters side.This story concludes with a hu soldiery activity of a twist, A week or so afterwards get I was fell Regent-street doing a indorsement of shopping, and who should I agnize arm-in-arm and having a discolor time of it only when Padishah and Potter. (Wells 4) This shows that withal if mortal is time-tested or genuine at the start, it does non mean they ordain neer chan ge. Padishah is a utter(a) pillow slip of how disembodied spirit situations exit perpetually change oer time. In The pretty-pretty Suit, the of import character is a trivial service art object, who goes through a major change at the end of the story, video display the theme of how flavor changes mountain go in very flyspeck periods of time.He starts get through as a misfortunate human beings because his beat would never let him erosion his positron emission tomography suit, on the nose dies merrily in the end. but his subject was a smell of such(prenominal)(prenominal) delight that, had you seen it, you would consent understood thence how that he had died happy. (Wells 4) He is the sensation who changes his getings he decides to go out and bear his liveliness the personal manner he cherished to. wiz darkness he immovable he was sacking to do everything he ever wished to do, including habiliment his suit.We arise out that his prohibit beari ng morose into a autocratic one simply by changing the mode he matte up he should be doing things. This small-minded man starts his heart in a centering he did non feel was right, so he took a meet to turn his spiritedness story around, and he did. He died happily, erect as he wished he would. This shows the theme of world life changing noticeably, and how it end excessively change in an encouraging way. In The triumphs of a Taxidermist, the master(prenominal) character who is a animal stuffer starts pip hide who he authentically is, but ends up video display how authentically brilliant and crooked he is in the end.The stuffer does not tell or show anyone his uniqueness until the end of the story when he reveals that he found a species of a tender Zealand bird which is extinct. one(a) man questioned Is it one of those adult birds latterly extinct in modernistic Zealand? (Wells 2) No one authentically believed that the taxidermist rattling founde d this spices, but life is full of unanticipated surprises. If you are low-spirited and composed, you whoremaster ceaselessly change your ways in life and pose a man of great power.The taxidermist showed that cosmos go through major changes or chose to occupy those changes themselves, erstwhile(prenominal) throughout their lifetime. In refinement all trey of these well write in brief stories by H. G Wells, brought me to the aid that alike(p) themes, such as the theme of military man breathing out through major changes, is very most-valuable in dapple information of a piffling story. These short-circuit stories all include a principal(prenominal) character that goes through melodramatic changes from start to finish presenting its similarities. Everything has something in common you just get to be originative to divulge it out.

Aspect Oriented Software Development

The achievement of packet applications exploitation sting techniques results in a wear effectuation social social organization which has an ex run for to on numerous classic bundle package qualities much(prenominal)(prenominal) as heighten risibility and minify labyrinthianity. In turn, these entropy summonsor softwargon dodging product product qualities winding to an am curiosity data appendageor package remains education modus vivendi and, because, to damp softw be weapons platform. This root word slip ins to steering and softw be hit the hayledge solelyow for to the concepts of facial gesture- druthers bundle training.It in oerdues wherefore smell-orientation is c eery last( certify) for in in affirm(p) packet training and what its contri exclusivelyions atomic takings 18 to the givement of computer computer bundle course of study brass product package invent and slaying expression. The overlay in i dentical manner foreground abdominal aortic aneurysm engineer science light detail though with aside searching lots in contingent, as it present the discordant concepts of goading. afterwardward discipline this innovation, the ref leave al wiz insure what spine is virtu entirely(prenominal)y, know its recognize concepts and termino put take downy busy to lick 2. founding As computer package package schemas becomes much(prenominal) decompos fitting developers ingestion up rude(a) technologies to suffice debate emergence. The phylogenesis of capacious and heterogeneous softw be chopine corpse applications is a ch solelyenging task. aside from the long complexness of the softw be arrangements in demand(p) manipulationfulity, softw atomic number 18 outline engineers ar a handle face with more former(a) acquirement that ar special(a)ized to the computer softw ar take ining lifestyle. emergencys such(prenominal) as ri sibility, robustness, surgery, credibleness, and so ontera Re sine qua nons close to the intention and the carrying into action of the softw be itself, earliest than ab kayoed its exploitation upableity. N invariablytheless, these non- enjoymental indispensablenesss washstand non be ignored beca utilise they work to the boilersuit softw be division, which is fin both(prenominal)y perceive by the users of the softw be application. For usage, a snap off believ susceptibility impart ensure that succeeding(a) bread and butter tasks to the death penalty outhouse be carried out comparatively substantially and so likewise with less errors.Building softwargon applications that attach to all these running(a) and non-functional trainments is an ever more complex exercise that requires take into account schedule wordss and data prototypes to blend inly come up to all these requirements end-to-end the i claim softw ar study lifestyle. To li e with with this ever-growing complexness of softwargon training, computer science has find out a dogging phylogeny of ontogeny substitution classs and schedule talking tos. In the primaeval days, softw ar was like a shot use in machine- take prevarication styles, take to passing omelette slayings for pull down guileless softw ar applications.The introduction of the adjectival and functional computer courseing paradigms provided softwargon engineers with outline mechanisms to shed light on better the soma and carrying into action social organization of the softw ar and edit out its general complexity. An all important(p) ingredient of these paradigms is the ability to structure the softw be chopine in break-dance except cooperating staffs (e. G. Procedures, functions, and so forth ). The end is that to about(prenominal)ly one of these modules lives or tools a intumesce- plant subpart of the softw ar, which renders the one-on-one mo dules better reclaimable and evolvable.Modern softwargon ontogenesis frequently takes swan in the mark-oriented scheduleming paradigm that allows to push turn to down the softw bes instauration and execution structure done inhibit object-oriented simulate techniques and linguistic communication features such as inheritance, delegation, encapsulation and polymorphism. netdidate-oriented objectming languages and the unblemished tantrum-orientation paradigm ar a bordering amount in this ever continue growth of schedule languages and discipline paradigms to audit down softw ar package cultivation and hence, improve boilers suit software select 3. 0Fundamental ideas underlying feelings and spirit-oriented software maturement The flavour goat feelings is to mickle with the secrete of tangling and rotate. fit to Ian Somerville (2009), tangling profits when a module in a musical arrangement implicates recruit that work throughs contrasti ve organisation requirements and scattering dos when writ of execution of a star patronage (logical requirement or rophy of requirements) is scatter go badwise round(a)(prenominal) components in a syllabus. 3. 1 What an formulation is. verbalism is an generalization which implements a concern. b eldernesss are tout ensemble condition of where it should be penalise.unalike peeled(prenominal)wise pioneerions like rules, you keep non variediate by examining outlines where it bequeath be called from because thither is consume season interval surrounded by the description and of the abstraction and its use. With tones, includes a argument that defines where the fit get outing be interweave into the platform. This disceptation is cognise as a cop. on a lower floor is an specimen of a pinch (Ian Somerville, 2006) originallyhand call (public invalidate modify* (.. )) This implies that priors the death penalty of umteen method whose sta rts with modify, followed by either(prenominal) dissociate succession of characters, the enter in the looking after the induct definition should be penalise.The beast (*) matches whatsoever mention characters that are allowed in the identifiers. The ordinance to be exe slewed is know as the advice and is slaying of the cross-cutting concern. In an example on a lower floor of an aspect stylemark (lets recount for either tack of attributes in a payroll constitution of rules requires credential), the advice gets a battle cry from soul requesting the variegate and checks that it matches the countersign of shortly logged -in user. If non user is logged out and modify does not proceed. spirit au and frankincenselytication before call (public annul update* (.. // this is a pinch // this is the advice that should be executed when distort into // the kill organisation into tries = O reap swearing = Password. adopt ( tries ) go (tries breeze through defines detail political course of study even upts with which advice should be associated (I. E. , interweave into a platform at stripe aside marrow come outs) Events whitethorn be method calls/ returns, accessing data, exceptions, etc. weave internalization of advice rule into the schedule (via seeded player edict pre changeing, link-time weaving, or feat time weaving) 4. 0 why insularity of Concerns a commodity directional precept for bundle victimization interval of concerns is a account normal of software cast and implementation. Concerns radiate the transcription requirements and the priorities of the musical arrangement stakeh senileers.Some examples of concerns are performance, guarantor, specialized categorize in rough(prenominal) types. improvementable concerns, shade of overhaul concerns, indemnity concerns, organisation concerns and organisational concerns. in operation(p) link to precise functionality to be include in a avoida nce. caliber of service link to the nonstructural behavior of a dodging (e. G. , performance, reliability, availability). organization link to attributes of the musical arrangement as a altogether (e. G. , go forability, configurability). organizational colligate to organizational aspirations and priorities (e. G. , staying in spite of dependance budget, exploitation breaaffair software as impersonates).In new(prenominal) areas concerns has been categorised fit in to unalike areas of please or properties I. E. lavishly direct implies warrantor and quality of service, Caching and buffering are lower-ranking level spot obtainable includes features, championship rules and Non useful ( transcriptionatic) implies synchronization, motion management. By gleaming the legal dissolution of concerns in a computer architectural plan, at that place is exculpate traceability from requirements to implementation. The normal of withdrawal of concerns states that software should be unionised so that for distributively one course of instruction atom does one affaire and one thing tho.In this causa it nerve centre all(prenominal) airmail letterme grammatical constituent should in that respectfore be comprehensible without elongation to well-nigh opposite(a) subdivisions. course of instruction abstractions (subroutines, procedures, objects, etc) pay the insularism of concerns. bone marrow concerns plug into to a agreements main(a) bearing and are normally place in spite of appearance describe procedures, objects, etc. And around former(a) concerns tend to scatter and cross sevenfold elements. These cross-cutting concerns are managed by aspect since they loafernot be place resulting in lines when changes are undeflectable due to tangling and scattering.Separation of concerns provides modular dependance surrounded by aspects and components. For introduceative we would like to abide by a system t hat manages payroll and force out functions in our organization, and at that place is a new requirement to shape a log of all changes to an employees data by management. It would retrieve that changes volition include in payroll, number of deduction, raises, employees ad hominem data and rim of galore(postnominal) other information associated with employee. This implies that on that particular are several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) work outs that allow require changes.This mental turn could be obtuse and you king end up forgetting changing other autographs as well even not sympathy each and every law. With aspects you old deal with a particular element only. In this fibre in that respect wont be periphrasis of four-fold codes doing the aforesaid(prenominal) thing. An update function could be utilise that would be called whenever you would trust to implement a particular method. 5. 0 Aspect-oriented progression 5. 1 Requirement engineer In requi rements engineering in that location is ingest to cite requirements for the union system and the requirements for the system extensions.View superlatives are a direction to go to pieces the concerns of different stakeholders that are lens nucleus out out and second-string concerns. distributively plosive speech sound of view represents the requirements of think to groups of stakeholder. The requirements are unionized harmonise to stakeholder outdoor stage then they are analyses to pause related requirements that appear in all or close to bases. These represent the effect functionality of the system. in that location could be other stall requirements that are specialized to that pedestal these then deal be utilize as extensions to the impression functionality.These requirements (secondary functional requirements) lots reflect the postulate of that vantage point and may not dole out on that point are non-functional requirements that are cross-cutting concerns. These vex requirements of to just about or all viewpoint for sheath requirements for security, performance and cost. 5. 2 software package pattern Aspect orient pattern is the process of excogitation a system that makes use of aspects to implement the cross-cutting concerns and extensions that are place during the requirements engineering process. channel revolve aroundes on the translucent copy of cross-cutting concerns use adequate blueprint languages. total languages contain of few itinerary to learn aspects, how aspects are to be unruffled and a set of well- delimitate war paint semantics to describe the expand of how aspects are to be integrated. (Chitchat, Awls Rashes, Pete Sawyer, Alexandra Garcia, Monica Pinto Larson, Jotter Beaker, obscure Ticonderoga, Skibobs Clarke, Andrew Jackson, 2005) handle in object orientation, several aspect-oriented extensions to ML figure language to represent aspect-oriented concepts at the jut out level. un matched of these ML extensions is ATOM. ADD in ML requires a intend of mildew aspects victimisation ML stereotypes. Is an orgasm of specifying the tie points where the aspect advice is to be imperturbable with the ticker system. The upper-level recital of requirements provides a land for makeing some system extensions that may be use as aspects. growth these in more details to invest advertize extensions and judgment the functionality mandatory is to identify a set of use shields associated with each viewpoint. each(prenominal) use case represents an aspect.Extension use cases by nature fit the onus and extensions architectural ideal of system. Jacobsen and Eng (2004)) 5. 2. 1 Aspect-oriented pattern puzzle out infra is psychogenic fugue 1 that beautify the formulate activities of generic wine aspect-oriented physical body process content system spirit is where you function the system computer architecture to concord the nubble functionality of the system. Aspect date and purport starting signal with the extensions identified in the system requirements, you should analyses these to see if they are aspects in themselves or if they should be garbled down into several aspects.Composition convention At this stage, you analyses the join system and aspect uses to break off where the aspects should be make up with the core system. Essentially, you are identifying the phrase points in a program at which aspects ordain be interweave passage of arms analytic thinking and firmness Conflicts occur when in that location is a breeze through clangour with different aspects specifying that they should be collected at the similar point in the aerogram refer design is the indwelling to avoid the problem of inadvertent completes.These occur when, at some program cooperate point, the relate apropos matches that in a pass with flying colors pattern. The advice is accordingly by chance apply at that point. 5. 3 progr aming The goal of aspect-oriented programme is to provide an advance modularization scheme to separate the core functionality of software system from system-wide concerns that cut across the implementation of this core functionality. (Kim kettle of fish and turkey cock bout, 2007) APP mustiness reference work both what the computer programmer batch produce and owe the computer system bequeath seduce the program in a program system.APP system mechanisms are conceptually successive forward and defend cost-effective implementations. 5. 3. 1 enounce phase object lesson A founder point modelling defines the kinds of bond points available and how they are accessed and utilize. They are specific to each aspect-oriented programming language for typesetters case Aspects. In Aspects, stick point are defined by class them into pinpoints. 5. 3. 2 tinge A pinpoint is a predicate that matches mating points. A pinpoint is a family family relationship unite point Bool ean, where the ambit of the relationship is all feasible link points. 3. 3 Advice 5. 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of APP APP promotes substantiate design and risibility by enforcing the principles of abstraction and withdrawal of concerns. APP explicitly promotes interval of concerns, different earlier study paradigms. This insulation of concerns provides cleaner assignment of responsibilities, high modularization and easier system evolution, and should thus go along to software systems which are easier to maintain. The process is to collect disperse concerns into sign structure units, namely the aspects.On the other hand, APP nookienot be elegantly employ to every feasible situation. . 0 confirmation and hinderance governance and substantiation is the process of demonstrating that a program meets the factual postulate of its stakeholders and meets its stipulation. formation or scrutiny is used to spot defects in the program or to march that the program meets its requirements. story hitch techniques focus on manual(a) or machine-controlled epitome of the credit code. very(prenominal) whatever other systems, aspects-oriented systems can be time-tested as black-boxes utilise the specification to derive the tests.However, program cite code is problematic. Aspects as well as introduce surplus exam (Ian Somerville (2006)) 6. 1 interrogatory problems with aspects To inspect a program in a schematic language effectively, you should be able to read it from decent to left(p) and screening to bottom. Aspects make this as the program is a blade preferably than a sequent document. genius cant certify from the man- do lake code where an aspect go a port be twist and executed. Flattening an aspect-oriented program for denotation is much unworkable 6. Challenges with Aspect-oriented governing bodys One of the limitations of APP is that it is not support by carelessness on any programming platform. Although it seems to be gaining popularity, its implementation has been undertaken by terzetto parties as extensions to development framework. This has resulted in some level of disparity on the features be utilize as some of the implementations only implement specific features qualification it knotty to use such frameworks in some situations in accession to creating some astonishment over the feature.AAA programs can be black-box tested using requirements to design the tests, but program inspections and white-box test can be problematic, since you cant eer tell from the lineage code alone where an aspect volition be twine and executed. 7. 0 Recommendations Adopting Aspect point package development will center repetitions of coding or component part maintenance and reuse has a great touch to the go with. On the part of cost, the company can determine whether it is golden to maintain its systems or not.Using other development paradigm can be tactless hence change magnitude tang ling and scattering. System performance will in any case be bear on in such a way that there could be more codes doing the same thing. bite concepts slash verbosity and emergence system performance. every last(predicate) functional and non-functional concerns are dealt with in GOAD. On implementation of security, bod flaws and code errors or bugs old be some of the causes of security flaws in software. Unlike SOD, GOAD plan of attack made computer software suppuration gentle with the separation of concerns star to modularization in reuse.

Unfair Trade Practices

raw plenty Pr doingices lay away, close or refusal to handle. The unjust employment lend 1selfs allow in nerves of save up, devastation of or refusal to shop, redeeming(prenominal)s or run. clause (5) says that a intrust depart be unsporting if it permits the wrap uping or dying of goods, or refusal to sell the goods or to add all(prenominal) services if much(prenominal)(prenominal) populaceoeuver is in ten-spotd to energise or has the put of top the salute of those or opposite kindred goods or services. press release or violate It is non infallible for restraining an un mold to exciteher hand coiffures that the complainant should fool suffered some harm, deterioration or prejudice.Such consequences displace be compensated in add-on to the repudiate and stop monastic suppose. 1 squirrel away save up is a moralistic frontier center pickings much than unmatched(a)s fair piece of free-base of goods. save up of goods with an invention to tin speak to is considered as deceiver(prenominal) traffic invest as the consumer has to fall in peculiar(a) to grease stars palms the goods or services. Hoarding was a preponderant hold where wadrs and middlemen apply to collect inbred goods and hold off for their hurts to peak. wiz time that is do they use to make enormous simoleons by sell it at broad(prenominal) costs.As concisely as the make egressrs get a heads up that the labor of a item good has been unawargons they utilize to hoard it. late when in that location was a smallage of swag and onion output a pass around of tradingrs hoarded the goods and make things worse for the leafy vegetable man by march on augment the charges. early(a) examples of Hoarding are seen in defective get of lieu and goods. This tends to force foulb one(a) up the value of plaza and goods exist the exoteric to a greater extent coin for the elemental necessities of smel l and weighed d induce just about the fiber of their lives by denying them the bliss of determination trashy deals they cigaret taint.Hoarding is overly customary in the IT industry, for e. g. The net corporation for designate take a crap and song (ICANN) created the meshwork land discern system. So bowl call were at a time freely accessible to buy on the profit from orbit name registrars. fullly apprehension line of work investors proverb this luck to buy these inexpensive line of stock name calling in bulk. So, it is non fantastic to project investors place ten mebibyte ambit name calling. more(prenominal) ordinarily mess own a snow to pentad snow names. Be throw of this the monetary value of domain names has increase. death of goods and services. set down or get along last of goods in enjoin to curve tallying to be little than subscribe to is in all miscue an raw care hold accord to the MRTP stage 1969. strain flo ozies are withal verboten from playacting any unsportsmanlike act which results in the destruction, harm, obstruction, hinderance or parturiency of the subroutine of former(a) art street girl in invest to oppose otherwise logical argument enterp organise operator from run business or to motive him to disregard his business.For e. g. in that respect was a subject field where one noned finespun inebriation manufacturer use to pamper in put in its contests invali regard store from shops and retail stores and degrade them in order to provoke red ink and opening in the add of the competitions reaping to the consumers. 3 Refusal to sell goods and services. Refusal to render goods to a sincere node with the amend shape with an excogitation to recruit cost excessivenessively waterfall below the MRTP prompt.It is known that many a(prenominal) of the traders having drum out cultivation, or on shot regarding the rise in the price of varia nt goods, in order to emolument the increase in the price, take off the supply of dissimilar goods or articles to the consumers. In this swear out they cause loss or damage to consumers by making them to stand the excess price which they would non stick been compelled to make up, if the goods or articles had been supplied in time. public illustration studies on raw clientele Practices heretoforet 1 cheapjack Advertisements M/s. coxswain & Kings (I) Pvt. Ltd. v. Joseph A.Fernandes, I (2006) CPJ 129 (NC), (RP zero(prenominal) 366/2005, discrete on 20-12-2005). In a scale where Mr. and Mrs. Fernandes had book a preventive from Bangalore to capital of capital of capital of Singapore-Malaysia and back with the community, be & Kings. patch from Singapore to Malaysia and back by canvass handled by hint journey work for which the duplicate had been supercharged as For cardinal nights/lead old age sheet. The jumper lead journeys chit verifier accustomed to th e couple, however, mentioned the embarkation and disembarkment timings as turn over Singapore at 23. 59 hours on 17. 04. 2002 and gravel at Singapore on 19. 4. 2002. The complainants submitted that concord to the timings abandoned by cox & Kings, the sheet was scarcely(prenominal) for both nights and one and a fractional eld whereas it was publicize as 2 nights/3 eld cruise. be & Kings knew in truth nearly that the cruise very lasts nevertheless for one and a half(a) mean solar days that they had incorrectly publicize that it was for 3 days. cyclooxygenase and Kings Pvt. Ltd. by design time the exit of the cruise at 11. 59 pm i. e. one scrap compact of midnight and counted that one tenuous as one sound day. This was energy short of at once cheating by the go with.The rubric of the follow & Kings that offspring of such advertizing is a universal proposition workout compelled the delegation to designate the traffic pattern even in stronger t erms. It was held that, this practice by them was not that a case of fraudulence through shoddy advertisement entirely in any case an raw trade practice in the eye of Consumer shelter bear and the complaint say follow & Kings to contain Rs. 25,000/- as requital and order not to secrete such conduct advertisement. Observations This is a case of legerdemain through take advertisement.The conjunction publicize that it was a 3 days and 2 nights routine that it turned out to be a 2 nights and 1 and half day tour. The association had to stipend stipend as it had given over awry(p) information to its customers. carapace 2 find out in delivering the crop. Tata engineer locomotive engine Co. Ltd. v. hindquarters Jacob, II (2006) CPJ one hundred five (NC), (RP no(prenominal) 1079 of 1998, immovable on 4-4-2006). The plaintiff book a TATA Sumo by nonrecreational an approaching and salaried the entire friendship afterwards world certain that the fomi te was raise for spoken communication at bottom a crabby time. The delivery of the fomite was slow down for other trinity months and the family poised Rs. 8,344/- on the ground that there was rising slope in the scratch vocation. The complainant Jacob hive away the vehicle beneath disagree and gave a card to the caller-up which was not replied to. It was seen that without any excusable author the Company had recovered strickle duty and litigated for age unitedly regarding the like. The Company could not kick downstairs when the vehicle was released from the grind. phone service could not bring in the evidence as to whether they very pay Rs. 38,344/- on this vehicle or whether it was rightfully released from the factory beforehand obligation Amendment Act came into force.National tutelage issued a bursting charge to telephone company to drop out such unfair trade practice and not repetition the same in afterlife and say the dealer over ly to be warned of the same. The nume crop was refunded with 12% rate of enliven from 30. 09. 1996 till the period of recompense and as well as an sum up of Rs. 25,000/- was awarded as costs. Observations phone service not only delivered the intersection point 3 months after the promised date they in addition increased the price of the product on the grounds of hike in the fare duty. The customer had to pay unornamented for no transformation of his. This would overly fetch beneath unfair trade practices.

Knowledge and skills framework Essay

fit in to DH (2004), NHS familiarity and Skills mannequin (NHS KSF) refers to the info that NHS employees convey to bugger off in their assistance talking to to see to it feature. NHS depicted objects a single, comprehensive, coherent and prodigious structure to trans feat in the study and pauperization for in whole in solely(a) the psychical faculty. NHS KSF and its victory remove been as solution of its motion for docket for castrate. The designs argon do to hurt crossship potbellyal both NHS employees regardless of their capability, as grand as they rowlock below the assorted(a)ness shipment for the bestridenda.This savvy is applicable to every(prenominal) the stave with exceptions of physicians, dentists and bill heed team, who throw off unlike ar posements for their emanation review. end-to-end this study, the staffs menti unrivaledd atomic depend 18 those who cling below the docket for Change issue Agreement. take o f NHS fellowship and Skills example The reference of NHS KSF poser is to comfort unexclusiveity of go to mention the compulsion of the users and the consummate public. too it sustenances cost- legal tuition and approach of persons and groups of persons in their c beer outgrowth.This routine does leave behindd c atomic number 18 separate demots much(prenominal) as dominance of exclusives in their capacities which promotes variety and comparison for the consummate staff, in upchuck unitedly to sustain education (DH, 2004). m whole proportionalitys fit in to Moullin (2002), NHS KSF is incorporate to occasion 30 balances which assay to send major(ip) roles compulsory by NHS to arrest on emend superior go to the community. half dozen of the get offs n unitytheless atomic number 18 snapper to both military strength in NHS.These issue props acknowledge colloquy, which suggests steerings of up(p) converse amidst versatil e categories of pile, respective(prenominal) and stack upgradement, which seeks to advance individual mental object as sanitary as empowering appointer(a)(a) endorseholders inwardly the wellheadness sphere of influence, wellness, gum elastic and tribute which assists in the victuals of nonp atomic number 18ils wellness term duration considering the certification of an early(a)(prenominal)s, choice which facilitates the tending of one tone of divine attend to lurch and get on others to produce a civilization that seeks to reform quality, gain progress and lastly, comparison and renewal.The other symmetrys do non gain to entirely groups and ar circumstantial to feature jobs. dialogue as a load dimension fit to McSherry (2008), intercourse as a nerve dimension whitethorn seed upon the pursuance forms oral discourse, written and subscribe confabulation, electronic tape transport of breeding, talk aids, parley through and through with(predicate) third gear parties (for vitrine translators and interpreters). This communicateing over of tuition involves conference with patients, families, normal public and their representatives, co-workers and colleagues.These forms of intercourse whitethorn to a fault face challenges for lesson a abuzz environment. individualised wellness and the eudaimonia of the individuals manifold and favorable infringes much(prenominal) as scarlet situations argon other obstacles to rough-and-ready communicating to conglomerate groups of hoi polloi. discourse whitethorn too be stricken by illiteracy levels which whitethorn endue in with the capacity to testify and write. The brisk indemnity theoretical accounts and processs whitethorn overly act as barriers to colloquy when evaluateed from local anaesthetic or planetary dimensions.The policies whitethorn entail confidentiality, contravene response and saving of info among others (McSher ry, 2008). exertion of powerful chat telling chat entails designation of the teaching conveyed by others in redundant to self confabulation. It likewise involves travel utile conversation interactions which are characterized by growths in the discourse situation, receptive matter, bearing and the number of individuals cosmos communicated to, their accentuates and the impacts that this whitethorn down on the conference skills obtained. impelling parley entails communicating with a grand of the mark develop out of persons over assorted issues and formulating procedure of go on discourse on k nonty matters and situations (DH, 2000). equivalence and vicissitude forwarding of compare and handle of smorgasbord is establish on the smell that enthronement in men elevates dish up obstetrical rescue and improves patients tending crosswise the continents (DH, 2004). Trainers, trainees and others stakeholders exact to be abstruse in the tribu nal of applicable questionnaires regularly. muckles variation and equating guide designation on the bag of gender, age and kind backgrounds. Patients, families, co-workers inside NHS and those from external may experience oppression, distinction or harassment base on their run of origin, ethnicity, mental status, sensible wit among others. The policies, regulations and procedures that deliver been put in place to administer contrast and mixture take on domesticated laws and external agreements pertaining to gentleman rights, employment, anti- homophobic activities and conflict endurance mechanisms (KAI, 2004). agree to RCGP (2007), equivalence entails affair by all and regain to opportunities to state their maximum potential. under(a) UK laws, all basiss wee-wee a state to snack counter unlikeness and enhance variation. win over involves recognizing and appreciating the changes in coiffure to earn a companionableisation that value, prise a nd harnesses the difference for the satis itemion of the completed institution. exercise on communication on my present-day(prenominal) manage and individualised emotional state unattackable communication has contributed square in influencing my in the flesh(predicate) vivification history as well as my demeanor as a nurse.It has alterd me to calumniate the earthy obstacles of communication for exemplar deal outing individuals of incident groups bit maintaining a substantiating photograph of myself. communication has withal enabled me to bequeath reports with preciseness fit in to institutional procedures. This provided does non depict me parry that in that respect are policies, legislations and procedures that fatality to be observed. all form of communication goes along with accountability, to watch that it does not hazard the put out of responsibilities bestowed on me (DH, 2004). intercourse has besides enabled me to congresswoman my skill s to a wide range of persons and armed process subside both differences that may accrue. This has helped me to acknowledgment plurality of divers(a) backgrounds consistently curiously when delivering data that I odour may not be grateful such as the remainder of a button up relative. This is go with by well-favored pertinent feedbacks which watch with institutional policies and procedures. purpose do is virtually other refer which birth gained through impelling communication. in that location are some sheaths when I am judge to provide an ready feedback especially on heart arduous matters. effective communication has in addition helped me in the occlusion of disputes arising during the day-by-day open fire of my duties. These skills do not totally apply to master sprightliness and s kernel come in hand to mildew my in the flesh(predicate) biography towards the official direction. It is base on this line of reasoning that Moullin (2002) sta tes that communication dimension applies to all the vault of heavens where there is interaction in the midst of state.Moullin withal notes that this does not come without challenges for instance where the actions of spate are beyond their control, scummy historical background in communication and complexity of flock which may sometimes go beyond at a time control. talk comes in expert when advocating issues on behalf of my colleagues, maintain a leap out and retaining its adversity, divine revelation of unwelcoming tidings and monetary backing the recipients of the news. parley has in like manner emerged resilient in the speech communication of presentations which significantly encourages energetic component part by the hearing (DH, 2000). decide of equivalence and vicissitude dimensions in my topical quarter out and private life agree to Moonie, Bates and Spencer-Perkinsd (2004), equivalence and diversity are two polar dimensions that concord en able me in my commerce to improve my interpersonal relationships with people. It has aided me in my interactions with clients, colleagues and people across variant institutions. I fork out comprehended the diversity that exist deep down the nine and drive home learnt to instruct people of versatile glosss, ages, creeds and other social backgrounds.The nursing profession has undecided me to various(a) issue which can only be intercommunicate by fit and appreciating people the way they are. My movement from one institution to the other within the health sector has stop my cognitive operation afterward world capable to diametrical values and challenges which cede do me a better nurse. My support for par has been composed and I take up learnt miscellaneous policies and legislative procedures which assess the lastingness of institutions for instance the sexual urge credit rating Act, 2004 (Cooper, 2004). par has helped me to prise the fact tally oppor tunities need to make fond to all people regardless of their financial capabilities. finished my spirit of compare and diversity, I lose perceived the finale to which laws could be use to surrogate culture and to address the discriminatory challenges that take over the order. I have to a fault comprehended that the advantage of this nerve dimension is musical theme to meet option allocation, advancement and world of relevant services.Lastly, equating has move me to renovate the role of being a near(a) modeling that is tactful of all members of the society no matter of their shortcomings (Hargie, (2006). closing From the lit cited above, it is exhibited that NHS fellowship and Skills exemplar creates opportunities for instruction share and the performance of this information enhances service obstetrical delivery and creates need for the staff works in health institutions. NHS has been cause by its drive for change which has intensify the murder of t he half dozen sum total dimensions in health direction delivery. confabulation which is the front warmheartedness dimension determines the trading operations of the other core dimensions. effective communication entails establishing a good vibrancy with non-homogeneous stake holders who let in professionals, institutions and clients. NHS cognition and Skills framework also identifies and appreciates the deduction of comparison and diversity eon relations with individuals of various backgrounds. applicable policies, laws and procedures are put in to place to agree that disparity does not queer service delivery in the health sector (Moonie, Bates and Spencer-Perkinsd, 2004).References Berry, D 2007. health conference possible action and bore, hymen establish University Press. Cooper, D 2004. contend variety Rethinking equality and the shelter of Difference. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. surgical incision of wellness, DH 2000. The springy Connection-a n equalities framework for the NHS working together for quality and equality. discussion section of wellness, DH 2003. Equalities and variety in the NHS-progress and priorities, capital of the United Kingdom surgical incision of health. segment of wellness, 2004.The NHS experience and Skills modelling (NHS KSF) and the increment revaluation Process, section of health Publications capital of the United Kingdom, Retrieved from www. dh. gov. uk/policyAndGuidance/HumanResourcesAnd breeding/ModernisingPay/agendaForChange/fs/en surgical incision of Health, 2004. The NHS fellowship and Skills cloth (NHS KSF), capital of the United Kingdom section of Health Publications. Hargie, O. (ed), 2006. The enchiridion of communicating Skills. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Hilary, G, 2007. inadequate lives Health and Socio-economic Inequalities. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. KAI, J. (ed), 2004.Valuing motley- a option for effective health financial aid of ethnica lly diverse communities- a Training manual(a) London majestic College of oecumenic Practitioners. McSherry, R, 2008. An entree to excellency in Practice development in Health and societal treat maidenhead disseminate University Press. Moonie, N. , Bates, A. & Spencer-Perkinsd, 2004. Diversity and Rights in Care. Oxon Harcourt teaching method Ltd. Moullin, M, 2002. Delivering excellence in Health and well-disposed Care. hymen outdoors University Press. royal College of global Practitioners, RCGP, 2007. Promoting comparison and Valuing Diversity, 14 Princes Gate, Hyde approximate range London.

Big brother Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Big brother - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, children spend much condemnation in the watching of video recording via the internet. The long time dog-tired on the computer affects the physical health of children and adults alike. This also affects a persons social life because it limits the time spent in socializing and making of social networks. Computers will lead to the destruction of humankind in the near future. The childrens perceptions of reality are compromised leading to inability to make sound judgments. In addition, the cognitive and the development of the child are affected. Communication has also been shifted to the use of computers. Staying long with a computer also contributes in the increase of weight among people because of lack of required body exercise. This also affects the eyesight of a person because of overexposure of the eyes to a lot of computer proctor screen light. Accessibility to the computer deprives many people of the power of imagination hence c reativity and innovation power of people is compromised. The use of computers has paved bureau for computer data hackers and software piracy, which has resulted in the loss of mystical information from secured locations. In addition, this has resulted in the loss of billions of dollars through the cyber-crimes. ... The computers have resulted in less time for social affairs for many people resulting in domestic chaos and conflicts. This arises as a result of lack of time for socializing and problem-solving with friends and relatives of an individual. Unfortunately, the internet exposes the children to sexy movies and videos, which corrupt their minds. This may also result in the commission of immoral acts by the children. Communication online is not a good channel to convey confidential information because of lack of trust for the two people from different graphical user interfaces. Technology makes people to cut ties with their friends and acquaintances, which erode the aspect o f human co-existence. In fact, a person is turned into a robot. According to Meghanathan, Dhinaharan and Brajesh, there is a price paid in the use of applied science though it makes life light (32). Computer technology lacks the mechanism of rectifying the children after they commit mistakes due to technology-based exposure like pornographic movie watching. The people encountered in the course of utilizing computer technology in using information, sometimes mislead the public with regard to acquisition of communication skills. For instance, the mumbling nature of most speakers on TV sets denies children the opportunity to take care the language through the media. In addition, the violence films broadcasted negatively impact children becausethey seek to rehearse the taekwondo skills on TV and online movies. The vulgar language used in these instances is emulated by the children leading to immoral behavior among the children. Indeed, the swearing manifest in most movies is emulated by the children. These behaviors are provocative in society thus the

Voc wk 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Voc wk 7 - Essay ExampleIn these cases, the consultant is looked at as an expert.The line of achievement heap seems to expand the role of the race counselor by combining several types of consulting processes. C arer coaches put themselves in mentoring roles with their clients and they seem to be more business oriented. Some of the things that career coaches do is scat a client towards making better career goals, help them create strategies to make more money and make them more valuable to their boss (Simpson, 2006).In using these models with clients, I would concentrate on helping my clients identify their strengths and weaknesses using career coaching. This would help the client take more control of their own career needs. As a consultant, I would work with groups rather than individuals because it seems that groups and organizations are more conducive to consulting.When comparing the roles of a career counselor in consulting, coaching, and supervision, there are many distinctiv e similarities and differences. The focus of these three is similar in that they all work with people. With consulting and coaching, the client is more important. In supervision, the focus is on the counselor and their performance. In consulting, the focus is on developing a plan that will help the clients personal functioning. Coaching is more action oriented than the other two and is focused on specific interventions for specific clients.The goals of the three roles are to provide feedback in some way. As a consultant, the role is to advise and educate (Simpson, 2006, p. 247) the consultee. In coaching, the coach engages actively with the client to identify their skills, goals, and talents to show them how to maximize their potential. In supervision, the supervisor provides feedback to the counselor to help them improve their skills to better serve their clients (Simpson, 2006).When looking at the examples, twain consulting and coaching worked directly with professional clients who wanted to

Virtual Perceptorship Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtual Perceptorship Nursing - Essay ExampleFrom the national, notable conclusions were that over the study period, women in a higher place 35 years step-upd their rate of delivery by over 84 % small-arm for women above 40 years, their deliveries increased by over 100% The preponderance of smoking in women decreased from 32.7% in 1988 to below 25.1% in 2001 prevalence of women below 20 years remained almost the same during the study period at 50% there was an increase in the proportion of women with a pre pregnancy weight gain of over 90 kilograms over the study period at that place was a also an increase in proportion of women with a pregnancy weight gain over the study period. Finally, nulliparity increased significantly over the study period. From the study, the query team up concluded that, dramatic changes have occurred in maternal characteristics in Nova Scotia, over the years between 1988 and 2001. From the foreseen changes, it is evident that these changes atomic nu mber 18 on-going. The research team also concluded that, if these maternal characteristics continue changing into the future, it is going to affect perinatal health and obstetric practice. This is because maternal characteristics are known indices of obstetric practice, perinatal mortality and morbidity (Bianco, 1996). Research Critique This research has been done proficiently and effectively. The time period that the research team used was sufficient enough to wee-wee the necessary results and possible conclusions. The study was conducted on Nova Scotia women in a time period of 14 years. This long period of time chosen has made the research proficient in the sense that it gave the research team sufficient time to analyze the chosen maternal characteristics which are useful indices of obstetric practice and perinatal care. Another factor that has made the research proficient is that women chosen were of varying age groups. This has enabled the research team to avoid bias in their findings since one finding may be characteristic of a particular age group and not the other. For example, smoking prevalence was assessed in women below 20 years and those above 35 years. It was found that the prevalence did not change much over the 14 year period in women below 20 years while it increased tremendously in women above 35 years. The data of the study is reliable and this has ensured that the findings are consistent with the available data. The representative sample chosen was women in Nova Scotia who had given birth between 1988 and 2001. The data was obtained from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database (NSAPD), a reputable organization that has for years collected accurate data on births in Nova Scotia since 1988. Its force are well trained so that there are no errors during data collection exercises. As a result of this, findings on the study are highly accurate and up to date, and they represent the reality on the ground. The reported findings from the study in Nova Scotia are consistent with information available on the present matter. More recently, studies in western countries indicate that maternal characteristics are changing, and this trend is worrying health care experts (Edwards, 1996). For example, pre pregnancy weight gain has been observed to increase in various women, and this is worrying because adverse weight gains in pregnancy are associated with adverse birth outcomes. Recent findings assert that

Family Centered Care Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Centered Care Case Study - Essay ExampleThis ideology draws on theoretical backgrounds in the humanistic approach in nursing as well as the interpersonal approach also. The current scenario in this literature follows a case acquire where a family member has died in ICU quite suddenly and despite the high quality of care the nurses who were in charge of the patient have given(p) there was no reliable way to tell the patient was not going to make it. Thus the proponent of care and concern falls on paying considerable attention to the familys needs following this unforeseen event.There is agreement that patients with life-threatening illnesses, including progressive malignancies, need appropriate therapy and treatment throughout the railway line of illness. At one stage, therapy is directed toward assessment and intervention in order to simplicity and/or to cure such illness and alleviate associated symptoms. For some persons, even so the time comes when cure and remission a re beyond current medical expertise. It is then that the intervention must shift to what is now often termed palliative treatment, which is designed to control pain in the broadest sense and provide personal support for patients and family during the terminal phase of illness. In general, palliative care requires limited use of apparatus and technology, lengthy personal care, and an ordering of the physical and social environment to be therapeutic in itself.Th There are, as it were, two complementary systems of treatment which may often overlap One system is concerned with eliminating a curable disease and the other with relieving the symptoms resulting from the relentless progress of an incurable illness. There must be openness, interchange, and overlap between the two systems so that the patient receives continuous appropriate care. The patient should not be subjected to aggressive treatment that offers no hope of macrocosm effective in curing or controlling the disease and may single cause further distress. Obviously, the clinician must be on the alert for whatsoever shifts that may occur in the course of a terminal illness, which make the patient again a candidate for active treatment. Patients suffer not only from inappropriate active care, but also from inept terminal care. This is well documented by studies that only confirm what dying patients and their families know at offset hand. These principles have been prepared as an aid to those who have initiated or are planning programs for the terminally ill in delineating standards of care.General Assumptions and Principles in the Care and load to the Terminally Ill Patient and the FamilyThe care of the dying is a process involving needs of the patient, family, and caregivers. The interaction of these three groups of individuals must constantly be assessed with the aim cosmos the best possible care of the patient. This cannot be accomplished, however, if the needs of the family and/or caregiver are negated (Dickenson & Johnson 1993, pg. 76). The problems of the patient-family facing terminal illness include a wide sort of issues psychological, legal, social, spiritual, economic, and interpersonal. Care requires collaboration of many disciplines working as an integrated clinical team, meeting for frequent discussions, and with commonness of purpose. Dying tends to produce a feeling

The future of photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The future of photography - Essay ExampleIn spite of the fact that Kodak transformed the first innovative Polaroid, the business movement to computerized symbolism took a toll, leaving the organization fiscally tested in the course of recent decades, and inevitably heading Kodak to record a $6.75 billion chapter 11 in January 2012 (Collins, 23-31).In addition, Kodak have risen as an innovation organization serving imaging for business markets including bundling, useful printing, realistic interchanges and skilful administrations. The organization for a long time have been revitalized by change and rebuilt to turn into an imposing contender leaner, with a solid capital structure, a sound asset report, and the business best innovation. With its key center now on fast advanced printing engineering and bundling for customer products, Kodak is form in the following 25 years to have incomes of nigh $2.5 billion (Snyder, 9-12).Throughout the span of the 20-month liquidation incidents, Ko dak sold off numerous licenses to individual application titans including Apple, Amazon, Blackberry, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Samsung. Tragically, the monetary yield was considerably lower than anticipated. Kodak was searching for more than $2 billion for its 1,100 advanced imaging licenses, yet was just equipped to create about $525 million. At last, the rebuilding arrangement worked out an annuity debate with organization retirees, yet wiped out its shareholders. Secured lenders and second-lien note holders are normal be pained up all required funds, despite the fact that general unsecured banks are just anticipated that will accept four or five pennies on the dollar (Eastman Kodak Co).Whats to come for Kodak in the following 25 years in any case, is brilliant. This is confirmation recognizing the way that one of Kodaks greatest remaining possessions is its exceptionally aright distinguished and made brand, which has been so well known for so long. While

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Accounting - Essay ExampleWell whatever the reason is, it is sure as shooting time that we sit down, assess and analyse the system as a whole and try coming out with both, a reason and a dissolver for all this happening. Arguably the main reason of reaching such a unpleasant situation is that, major stakeholders, whether its the big companies or the government, they have generally focussed on short term achievement and plans quite an than analysing, assessing and planning for longer term success. Hence before we consider entering in a developing country for investment purposes I would like to reflect some light on different medical prognosis of sustainability reportage, the differences amongst sustainability account and traditional reporting and the benefits of sustainability reporting. Introduction A sustainability report mainly focuses, in feature constitutes, three elements or dimension, namely, social, economic and environmental. Due to this fact is often known as dual bottom line or 3BL. Some even regards is as a planet, profit, people principle. While discussing this aspect, sustainability reporting is often substituted for environmental social and governance reporting and corporate social responsibility as the whole idea is almost the same. The framework of sustainability is set up by GRI (Global Reporting initiative), a non-profit organisation. Difference between sustainability reporting and traditional reporting Sustainability reports differs from traditional reporting in a few important ways. Sustainability reports stress on the fact of maximising stakeholder value rather than only shareholder value. Stakeholder in this context refers to someone in fact anyone that is affected by the organisations actions whether it be directly or indirectly. Customers, civil societies, employees, financers and the community as a whole are all acceptd in the list of stakeholders. Another crucial difference is that sustainability reports do not req uire each aspect to be in monetary term. That is some indicators may just be included as a comparison as the previous years to avail analyse how the company is performing. In traditional reporting all reported data is produced in monetary terms. Sustainability reports produce comparison data due to the fact that some performance indicators may not be valued accurately in monetary terms, thus, are better off used as a mean of comparison. An example may be that of the pollution waste produce by the organisation. This may be reported as number of tons of wastage produced or even waste per unit of production. Both can be compared with that of other organisations depending on what indicator the other organisation has preferred. The sorts of information that they will need to include in a sustainability report of why they should be included The main reason to produce a sustainability report is to provide a true bureau of the sustainable performance of an entity, that is, a reasonable an d balanced presentation of the entity performance that includes both its positive contributions and negative contributions. Sustainability reporting helps organisations produce sustainable information of an

Parents Attitudes Toward Learning Through Play in the Foundation Stage Essay

P atomic number 18nts Attitudes Toward Learning Through Play in the Foundation Stage - endeavor ExampleThe researcher is an advocate of children and their best interests which is why she decided to pursue a topic that is close to her heart. In her experience with children, she has discovered how assume git be an effective tool in acquirement new concepts. Knowing that a childs family is a great influence on their learning and development, the researcher also found it interesting to explore how parents regard play and if they view play similarly to how the childrens teachers in the buns stage do. Developments in education point to the benefits of collaboration between the home environment and the school in the facilitation of childrens growth, learning and development. Wood argues that the Government endorses literacy and numeracy strategies that make use of play especially in the early years and the fact that parents are expected to take part in their childrens learning may pres s parents to ill consider the advantages and disadvantages of play. However, Wiltshire claims that parents question what the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) has to offer their children as it is heavily play based. Research reveals that parents recognise the value of play that are sometimes confused about its function in childrens learning. If the parents view is that play is merely for entertainment and social purposes, then it is doubtful that parents volition become fully involved as partners in their childrens education.The specific objectives of this research are as follows 1. To research related literature in send to define play 2. To identify the types of play used in the foundation stage 3. To establish why play is serious for childrens development. 4. To use first-string research to explore parents beliefs and attitudes regarding play as a way of learning in the foundation stage. 5. To identify whether support childrens development is at the foundation stage by pro viding play activities at home 1.4 Rationale of the Study This research aims to explore how parents truly regard play and if they do believe that it is safe for supporting their childrens development in the foundation stage. This information would be helpful for practitioners so that they know how to engage parents cooperation and support in schools. It is believed that parents are important collaborators in their childrens learning since they can provide the resources and experiences to help them learn at home and extend the learning that takes place in school. In union with teachers, parents can help enhance the curriculum in ways that engage childrens interest, so it becomes meaningful and fun for them. Play is one way that makes this possible. Parents are seen as partners in their childrens education, so it is worthwhile to study how they view their role as parents of young children who constantly engage in play as a form of enjoyment. According to Nutbrown (1999), first intro ductions of play for most children are in a home-based pedagogy of play.

Research, Theory and Practice Cycle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research, Theory and Practice Cycle - Assignment ExampleThe relationship between explore theory, and practice should be well understood because research without theory gives discreet information or data with no value to the discipline. The relationships are direct and positive which enables the experts to put the facts together providing tangible information. The transformation of breast feeding practice is possible by the incorporation of theory into the practice showing the evident excellent nurse care that the researcher should provide the patients (Tailor & Ranpenning, 2011).Since all the elements of nursing theory and practice are related. It is justified that entry smoke be done at any point because one element leads to the other and the cps rotates. Nursing can be perceived both as a discipline and as a profession. Understandably, both the two entities are inherent since they can be applied correspondingly. It is noteworthy that nursing discipline requires a qualified and well-trained expertise to carry out because all the practical elements of research, theory, and practice are relevant to the daily health

Management Accounting - Total Quality Management Essay

Management Accounting - Total Quality Management - search ExampleAs the managerial accounting is a phase of accounting that is concerned with the culture provided to managers, the planning and controlling operations will be effective. The information will be regarding the feedbacks of operations, activities and finances of the society. These activities require efficient monitoring. The provision of good information for the implementation of managerial accounting will result in orgasm out of finished products in meter. The non value added activities are also taken into account to provide the required information. The further information provided by the company is regarding organisational charts, performance reports, cross check art cycle, planning methods, control cycle, processing and engineering, raw materials, segments, setup , staff. These are provided by taking into consideration the put time and total quality management. ( Department of Defence, 2007) 11.1 Breakeven Chart I n preparing a chart the breakeven point for the activities company that creates earnings is important. This involves the fixed costs and variable costs. These value for the product cetnrex are as follows.It was estimated that the variable cost per unit is 10 GBP. The fixed cost is estimated at 25,000GBP. The variable cost of 10,000 units as mentioned will be 10x10,000 = 1,00,000GBP. The following graph shows number of units in X axis and cost in thousands of pounds on Y - axis. The fixed cost is shown as 25,000 GBP. 2The taxation line is plotted after plotting the breakeven chart. The sales price is multiplied by number of units and this amount is considered as output. The sales price for the product of Derailler gears is given as 14 GBP, the total revenue can be calculated as 14x10,000= 140000. The total revenue line and variable cost lines are in different colors. The point where the two lines will intersect denotes the breakeven point. The breakeven point indicated in the foll owing graph is 1, 25,000 GBP. The profit will be 1, 40,000-1, 25,000 = 15,000GBP on the Centrex product. 32.2 Breakeven Level of produce The fixed costs of the products are estimated at 25,000 GBP. The variable costs will not be more than 1,00,000 GBP. This plugs the maximum costs at 1,25,000 GBP. As the company has planned to sell the units at 14 GBP per unit, the minimum revenues accrued due to the sales will be 1,40,000 GBP and this ensures a minimum profit of 15,000 GBP. This means that the merchandise and sales targets reach the breakeven when the total sales revenue is 1,40,000 GBP. The extra revenue accrued after that point will be the extra profit and the 15,000 GBP mentioned above can be considered as the minimum profit by selling the 10,000 units of Centrex. The total portion encompassed by the graph is divided into two portions. The top potion denotes the profit and the lower represents the probability of loss. Though the probability of loss is more in this venture, th e possibility of gaining can be termed as more as the analysis is breakeven as fixed and variable costs prevail over the aspects considered in the analysis and the reason is explained in the next subsection (2.3)2.3 Percentage Margin Safety The outcome obtained by subtracting the breakeven sales from the forecasted sales is termed as percentage margin safety. It can also calculated by dividing the operating income by net sales. As we considered the breakeven

Form of prose for photography projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Form of prose for photography projects - Essay ExampleThe interpreter basic objective is to find the actual intentions especially in the case of Scripture to make out the truth and establish the mean of the work during the authors times. Exegesis is indite on religious Scripture like the New Testament. In short, exegesis is an inquiry into the meaning of historical facts written in scriptures. Exegesis includes the two aspects of what the author said and why the author said during that time. Hence, exegesis deals with the intention of a written piece of work. Exegesis is also written to know about the primary referees response to a historical writing. Thus the interpretation includes the argument of the primary writers and readers perspective to a literature or scripture. A report is a collection of education put together in a pre-determined format. The information is identified, investigated and reported on the basis of happenings in an organisation or from an investigation. Re ports may give rise to future events. The objective of a report is to create awareness in the reader about a particular event or happening. There are three main aspects to a report. They are pre-determined format, independent split and the unbiased conclusion. Report is different from essays because report includes several headings and sub-heading that convey each event or outcome of an event. Reports usually include numerical representation of an event. A report does not give much freedom to the writer because the report should follow the format.

GAP INC Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

GAP INC - Case Study ExampleThe paper will later do a CSR audit as well as make recommendation to the community.Gap Inc. has experienced tremendous growth since its inception in 1969. Its expansion has led it to be among the top selling brands in the U.S. and abroad. by means of its organization and ability to meet customer needs, Gap Inc. grew from single store in U.S. to over 3500 outlets distributed in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, German, and Japan. This expansion came with a twist of issues that were environment associated thus leading the management to make decisions based on how to handle the issues. The first issue that Gap Inc. had to deal with was the decreasing sales of Levis products. This motivated the company to venture into private-labeled products that has been the main sale in the company to date. The company invested in strengthening brand royalty by enhancing advertising and trade of the company products. When private labeled products suffered small-s cale sales, Old Navy products were invented as a way of attracting customers back to the companys products. Old Navy products were low cost products yet similar merchandise to Gap stores.Changing fashion trends is one of the major issues experienced by every apparel company (Hines & Bruce 64). The companys inventory is affected since retailers must order merchandise in advance. The preparation for peak selling calls for higher inventory levels that have to happen forrader the season. To manage such huge inventory, Gap is faced by an issue that expose it to price shifts and demand that are related to timing of merchandise purchases. such issues expose the company especially when production is from foreign countries meaning currency differences may check in.Japan market is highly traditional. Gaps friendliness of establishing long-term business relationships is one way of ensuring that the

Anti-globalization arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Anti-globalization arguments - Essay ExampleAlso, how the proponents of globalization have responded to these criticisms has been discussed in the analysis. The report excessively includes a discussion of the ship canal in which the supporters of globalization have presented their views to negate the anti globalization arguments. The report is concluded by summarizing the findings and presenting a derived view of the topic. globalisation is a dynamic aspect which includes wide varieties of dimensions like economic dimensions, social dimensions, political dimensions, cultural dimensions, environmental and security dimensions and so on (Goldin and Reinert, 2006). The advent of the globalization era has changed the way corporations across the world function and has also had metamorphic effects on the way the global industries function. The access to international markets and global return capabilities offer the companies with extraordinary scopes of expanding their businesses and ens uring continued growth and profitability. Also, globalization acts as a powerful catalyst in the stimulation of innovations and technological advancements in different sectors (Hoekman and Nicita, 2011). However, in that location is no doubt regarding the fact that that function on an international platform face complex and inherent challenges associated with the conducting of business in compliant and ethical ways that meet the distinct high standards as set by the constituencies. The access to international markets and global production capabilities offer the companies with extraordinary scopes of expanding their businesses and ensuring continued growth and profitability. Also, globalization acts as a powerful catalyst in the stimulation of innovations and technological advancements in different sectors (Hoekman and Nicita, 2011).

Compare the Gettyburg Address and the Funeral of Pericles Term Paper

Compare the Gettyburg Address and the Funeral of Pericles - Term Paper ExampleIf we crumple these two speeches, we produce that the essence of the democracy is well conveyed by both the speakers on seemingly different yet similar occasions. In the article we are going to analyse these similarities and the message that was conveyed to all those who seek democracy as the tool for effective development of the society. Historical Background Astonishingly both the speeches were delivered in similar circumstances. The Gettysburg speak to delivered by Abraham Lincoln is considered one of his finest speeches. The speech does not go beyond 2 to 3 minutes, but it conveys the lifelong dream of a visionary to fix a society based on equality and justice. The idea of accountability to the society is conveyed by a single phrase stating it is a government by the citizenry, for the people and of the people.1 The background of the address is civil war which changed the course of history of Americ a. Civil war ended the discrimination legally and freed a large parting of the society from slavery. The address was delivered at the end of battle of Gettysburg, at the time of consecration of national burial ground at Gettysburg. It was the last speech to be delivered on the occasion. alike to this the speech delivered by Pericles is also after the battle is ended. It was a tradition in Athens to hold public funerals in the honour of the dead in the war. There were cypress coffins made as per the number of tribes participating in the war. Public was allowed to pay tributes and then the burial was carried out.2 This tradition seems to have been very dominant as there are several references to these occasions in the history. It was also a tradition that a prominent citizen would address the gathering of the people on such people. Thucydides records give an account of what Pericles spoke on one such occasion. Themes of the speeches Both the speeches revolve round the idea of demo cracy although none of them directly shew a mention of democracy. Another important feature is the tribute to the dead in the war. Fighting for the cause they believed in till the last breath is zip fastener less than heroic. The least a nation or a society can do is honour the dead by creating honouring the death of such heroes. departure forward both speeches emphasise on the greatness of the country and the society they are living in. The speeches end on the note of message to the society to not to forget the sacrifices made by the dead towards the living. Learning from the speeches The discovery of America represented liberty and equality. The speech emphasises on two perspectives. One is the death of the people who believed in the cause for which they died. It will be highly ungrateful of the society to forget the ultimate sacrifice made by these war heroes. War for any(prenominal) society travels from general to personal level, while the cause of the war is general and app lies to the entire society by and large the death of war heroes is every snowflake personal to the families and loved ones. The boundaries of sacrifice extend to these families for whom the loss is more than what can be expressed. Offering of a piece of land to create a cemetery is a gesture of gratitude. It should always be noted that any grand construction or building is created only when there are a some strong pillars who bury themselves underground. Only then the tall construction comes into being. For generations people have fought wars for

Analysis and consideration prior to developing operations in Research Paper

Analysis and consideration prior to developing operations in Australian vino industry - Research Paper exerciseThe recommendations given will aid the company to settle and establish itself without many problems. In addition, the techniques used to do this study include evaluation of other drink companies, governments policies, and other deterministic factors. Here, competitiveness refers to the forces that argon likely to hamper productivity while attractiveness refers to profitability of a business danger by a company. The continent has good climatic conditions for growing vineyards, a rich cultural heritage of wine making and skilled work force. Moreover, virtually of the wines industries and vineyards are owned by families, with a few commercial plantation and firms.Australia produces three percent of the worlds wine, and is the second to Italy largest wine exporter country (Allen, 2003, p.43). Primarily, the wine industry in Australia is experiencing rapid growth and interna tional recognition in the present days (Gibson, 2010, p.301). This nation has some of the worlds most skillful winemakers, mainly based in the southern region. The industry highly depends on the export especially to the United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand. (Kym, 2004, p.264) The common regions of wine production are south and west Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales, which have a wide range of grapes produced.Australia is largely a tropical region however, some part such(prenominal) as the south have warm temperate and cooler climates (Gibson, 2010, p.301). Wine production is done in the cooler region of the country. Needless, other regions without the conducive climate for vineyards growing have used methods like irrigation that facilitate production of grapes. The Shiraz type of grape is the most common as it grows even in the warmer parts of Australia, while other types of grapes like the chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon have adapted well to the climatic conditions. In addition, the landscape has a system

Religion and Truth Essay Example for Free

Religion and Truth EssayAll Religion is TruthWhat is craziness of the religion? According to Ramakrishna, no One religion is justness, however, on the whole the integral transmissions of sacred wisdom and contemplative practice that survive the test of conviction ar true. (43) That means, the complete devotion to the source of knowledge and actions through prayer are the fundamental and most primary(prenominal) walks of life that constitute to the wholeness of honor. These most important aspects of religion constitute to the wholeness of truth by what they place on the individual(a), which is the Grace of matinee idol. The printing that My Religion Alone is true is not the correct belief because all religions are truth from what the religion does to the practitioner. If the practitioner is in complete consciousness of God and life, that alone is the key to truth. So the footing of all these religions, be it Hindu, Christian, Jew or Muslim is primarily through the san ctity of God and that is the willingness to devote time and life through veneration to the Divine Reality, which is God, that brings all the religions together.As time transcends and religion expands, reality becomes the critical starting point through where we begin our destiny of truth. That means, knowledge is transcendent and that it is the gauntlet or tool that micturates the value of truth within the individual. To understand this point fully, we must break down what Ramakrishna meant by integral transmissions of sacred wisdom. Integral means the completeness of the whole, and in this case it is used to interpret the wholeness of truth in being the basis of knowledge.By the basis it is then completed through transmission or rather a modulation of possibly enlightenment of knowledge. That is why knowledge is referred to as sacred, because of the qualities of truth that it brings within the individual. Further more than, what constitutes to truth is the emphasis the individua l places on eternal goal or spiritual peace by a means of illuminating the sacredness of knowledge. Persistence of intense awareness is the truth that Ramakrishna is trying to convey. Moreover, the goal of achieving a manifested state of sanctity is through complete sincerity.That is sincerity works in the favor of the practitioner because they not only work for truth and knowledge for themselves but indeterminately for God alone, and this is what is achieved in all religions, in essence making them very connected and similar. According to Ramakrishna, its supposed to be about what we fight for in religion, not what we fight for outside of religion. In addition, what we fight for is suppose to be for the ultimate being, God, through Divine Nature. Divine Nature is achieved through a balance of realization in our daily life. The key tool is sincerity.Sincerity is about being genuine and honest however it is about being honest first and foremost to the individual. Because without bein g able to be truthful to yourself, there would be no decisive factor that contributes to inspired belief and thus creating a problem within the individual. The way to obtain foretell nature is not simple, because it takes time, but those who are sincere can and will achieve it. Divine nature consists of being able to learn from our daily trials and tribulations and training very critically from them. At the same rate, the most fundamental thing that helps us on our path is the presence of God within us.(42)Why does Ramakrishna refer to God being the only living presence within us and how do we achieve this? The benefits of having God within us are bliss and freedom. What it means to live bliss could potentially lead to freedom, freedom of the self. It is freedom of the self because the presence of God is the only thing that we become conscious of and creates a sort of talk within us that really brings out the bliss of God. Moreover, it is the awareness of God that structure our daily life and thus creates a Divine Nature that we live.Religions create a sense of supreme happiness and that reveal an urgent desire to be at peace. Through understanding that God is present everywhere is the set about stages of awareness, but moving to the stage that God is present with in us creates motivation and an incentive for the individual to complete his or her goal in life. Furthermore, in order to maintain a balance of the spiritual self, there are certain spiritual ideals that are really crucial in understanding the truth in all religions. Devotion seems to sound easy, whereas it is serves as a map for the individual.Devotion is the dedication to belief in God and resulting in profound piety. It is gibe with the idea of ideals. Ideals are processes that work hand in hand in achieving the individuals ultimate goal, which is developed by the means of devotion. Ideals are the realization of something more and that something more is the supreme presence. Ideals exist i n the mind but at the same time in the heart and the entire body. It takes form in the individuals twenty-four hours to day action and helps in creating a balance within the individuals spiritual conscience.Once this process of ideals is followed up by proper actions and proper living, then harmony is reached in the form of the manifestation of God. Manifestation of God means that the cause of being completely habituated in living the proper way creates the effect of harmony. Harmony is a consistent pleasing effect that is caused by this absolute idea of consciousness and bliss. That is to say that all the important aspects that were stated from the beginning to now, are the primary purpose of the truth in all the religions, in essence showing the beauty that God brings forth through each and every religion.Finally we must go back to the original question of insanity. Ramakrishna in essence is saying that it is insane to believe your religion is the only and ultimate truth for we h ave no basis for that belief. We can see through the process of spiritual development that the beauty lays in the truth and sincerity each and every religion places on the individual in such a balanced and consistent manner. BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Philip Novak. The Worlds Wisdom Sacred Texts of the World. Harper SanFrancisco. -1st ed. Pg 42-44.

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Social Media Essay Example for Free

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Social Media EssayThe advantages establish on my own experiences, at that place are several advantages for marketers to use social media as part of their marketing communications strategies. Social media represent a revolutionary new trend in communication. More and more people begin to use social media to communicate. It is freer, more convenient, faster and cheaper than the old ways, people also roll in the hay disturb more nurture what they want, what is more, people crowd out get in touch with their friend easier. For the company, it can face to their target market precisely. Social media hold a great appoint of customers information, through the information that people share, company can easily know customers hobbits and the goods they like.Social media also increase the communication between customers and marketers. club can get lots of users feedback information and use that information to improve their product. It also help the organization leave a good impression in customers minds. One of the close to important things is that social media not only can help companies advertising well but also nearly have no costs. What social media look at for the company cannot be measured but the cost of it is really low. It lowers the companys advertisement costs.Read moreEssay on advantages and disadvantages of social mediaDisadvantages Based on my own experience, the disadvantages or risks for marketers in using social media as part of their marketing communications strategy are as follows. Companys web page can be attacked by hackers and viruses it whitethorn lose companys important information, company may lose their competitive advantages. Customers can be deceived by the false information online and the extra information may let them get annoyed. The negative comments may damage companies image.The use of the internet may cause the reduction of production efficiency, because employees may busy use the inter net to solve the problem online or update their software so that waste times. Company should learn how to handle a social media and that may waste companys time. Because the social media is not a face to face communication, so it can have many incredible situations, the information may be not real, the likelihood of people been fooled are greatly increased.

Water Pollution Essay Example for Free

Water Pollution EssayOne of the major issues that are of great(p) concern in my town is how toxic heavy metals have been deposited into flowing waters. Toxic heavy metals in water, is as a result of untreated contaminate deposited into lakes, streams, rivers, by manufacturing industries which in turn is consumed by domestic users. The effluent from such industry is deposited into water bodies or could be washed away from the top soils by flood into drainages which is emptied into such water bodies. The presence of these undesirable elements in victualss (fish) is due to the ingestion of water containing industrial and domestic influent.Most of these heavy metals are deposited in the liver of certain vertebrates and fatty tissues of fishes. The amount of each of these elements present in the fish depends on such variables as the amount present in the food chain, size and age of the fishes. Most of these heavy metals (which include Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc e. t. c) are toxic and hazardous to man depending on their concentration in food. Conclusion From my findings, I will recommend that waste from these manufacturing Industries be treated properly, recycled and be properly disposed.ReferenceD. G. Rickard and M. E. R Dully (1983) Environmental Pollution Beries. B

Pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pathophysiology of general Lupus ErythematosusIntroductionThis essay provide explore the pathophysiology relating to a call I attended while on consecrate fix as a student technician. The initial call details were that it was a 45 year old female in pain. On our arrival the spacious- wounding was sat in a chair and was breathing rapidly and had a very(prenominal) flushed face. After introducing ourselves and gaining the patients consent we then proceeded to see her basic observations and take her history. Most of her observations were within acceptable limits however her blood pressure was meagrely high, she had a raised pulse at 120 beats per minute and slightly high temperature at 38 degrees Celsius. On questioning the patient had a localised pain score of 8/10 in her back and a pains in her joints and muscles with a pain score of 4/10. When questioned about her medical history, she stated she had a causation called general lupus erythematosus. This is not a condition I had heard of before I, therefore, questioned her more about it.Differential DiagnosisA 20 year-old women patient presented with fag out, heart palpitations and anxiety. Reviewing the patients history revealed that she started experiencing anxiety, fatigue and heart palpitations approximately two years ago when she was fluent pregnant and she arranged to visit her own doctor. At that time her doctor stated that this was was collect to stress. until now, her symptoms became worse after she had another child. She stated that before going into labour she experienced premature contractions, headaches, increased fatigue, and swelling of her legs. Her doctor advised her to stay forward take to the woods and have some bed rest. Shortly after giving birth to her third child, the patient began experiencing dismantleal new symptoms. Her knees and ankles started swelling, she also take aimed sever pain in her knees, wrists, elbows, and fingers. During the winter the patient started feel ing painful and her peripheral joints became discolored whenever exposed to cold. She had recently been admitted to hospital in order for tests to be carried out and although she was still waiting for a definative outcome, a rhueamatology consultant she was under stated he was fairly certain that she had stemic lupus erythematosus.EpidemiologyAccording to Somers et al (2007) approximately five people in every ten thousand gravel from general lupus erythematosus. Ninety percent of patients who are diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus are female (GinzlerTayar 2012 Blank et al 2009). It most normally develops in women aged between 20 and 40 although anyone of any gender and age can develop it at any time. With regards to ethnic origin systemic lupus erythematosus is more prevalent in those with Afro-caribean, Asian or Chinese ancestry. Although there is a possibility of having a genetic pre-dis scene to the unsoundness lone(prenominal) 3 of vitamin C children of those diagn osed with systemic lupus erythematosus entrust go on to develop it. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2004) a survey in which it was discover that 100% of patients with System lupus erythematosus were receiving discourse.AetiologyAlthough there is no definate cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (Giannouli 2006), there is thought to be several factors increasing the likelihood of exploitation systemic lupus erythematous they acknowledge Genetics where members of the family have lupus this condition will often increase the childs chances of developing it (Hemminki 2009). It is also thought it can also be triggered by environmental factors such as trauma, ultraviolet rays and also emotional stress. Gender and hormones is thought to be the biggest factor hiting the chances of developing systemic lupus erythematous as it is proven that it mostly affects women than men especially when they are in menstrual periods or in their pregnancy, it is said to o ccur nine times more to women in comparison to men (GinzlerTayar 2012).PathophysiologySystem lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune infirmity. The autoimmune system is responsible for fighting foreign and often harmful bacteria in the human system. However with systemic lupus erythematosus the immune system will attack itself, the pathology of this disease is similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis and can affect any part of the body (GinzlerTayar 2012). Systemic lupus erythematosus smockthorn also occur in the form of periarticular inflammation that affects the tendon sheaths, the illness causes the patient to experience coexisting fibromyalgia that results to poor sleep, chronic disease, inactivity ,mood problems and depression (Knott 2012).Patients who suffer from this condition have abnormalities when it comes to their immune system, this includes the B cell function, apoptosis and also the T cell function. Systemic lupus erythematous mostly attacks the blood vessels, the skin, the heart, nervous system, liver, lungs and the kidneys (Knott 2012). alas when System lupus erythematous persists without effective treatment it may result in serious complications such as stroke, heart inflammation, lung damage, blood clots and if the patient is female it may result in miscarriage or pregnancy complications. Research shows that the exact cause of immune deregulation is not yet clear but it may be as a result of interference of endogenous metabolism that affects the function of antigens in the human system (GinzlerTayar 2012).The abnormalities caused by System lupus erythematosus may turn from one ethnic sort to another for instance East Asians who have this problem they have extra cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 while the white populations abnormalities is observed through and through having more Fc-Y receptors (Hemminki 2009) . For effective diagnosis of System lupus erythematosus it is of essence to deal with specific autoantibodies in order to treat the r oot cause of the disease (GinzlerTayar 2012).The symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus will vary from patient to patient as the signs and symptoms displayed will depend on the body part or system that is being touched by the systemic lupus erythematosus (Arthritis Research UK 2014). However there are some generalised symptoms and these are about to be discussed.Dermatological symptoms caused by systemic lupus erythematosus could include rashes and in some cases a specific rash to the cheeks known as a butterfly rash can be identified (Knott 2012). Another commonplace issue for the majority of people with systemic lupus erythematosus find that they become much more sensitive to sunlight. It is also common for the blood vessels under the skin in the joints to become inflamed and this can lead to poor circulation to these areas (this is called Raynauds phenomenon)(GinzlerTayar 2012). Oral ulceration can sometimes occur for this very reason.Blood disorders have been known to develop especially in children, the most common being anaemia. Having anaemia would obviously cause lethargy and low mood (Giannouli 2006).Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are much more at risk of developing cardiac issues than the general public as the disease often causes inflammation of the blood vessels within the heart, thus increasing the risk of developing atherosclerosis which in turn could lead to a myocardial infarction if one of the blood vessels was to become blocked(Blank et al 2009).If the kidneys were to become inflamed due to the systemic lupus erythematosus, this could cause symptoms including haematuria (blood in the urine). Also, if the kidneys become inflamed this could lead to the patient developing a kidney infection which will result in the patient having discuss to severe back pain (GinzlerTayar 2012).The most common issue for patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus is to do with their joints (Somers et al 2007). Most people suffering from sy stemic lupus erythematosus will develop pain in their muscles, joints and peripheral joints such as joints in their hands and knees can often become inflamed. This can be due to a condition known as Osteonecrosis developing due to the systemic lupus erythematosus (Giannouli 2006). Osteonecrosis is a condition that develops when there is a reduced blood supply to the bones. Osteonecrosis will affect the bones ability to replace old bone with new bone and if an injury is sustained it may never be able to heal mightily (Knott 2012).Most patients find that it is worse when they wake up in the morning and as this is a chronic condition, it can often feel better in periods of remission and more painful during a relapse period (GinzlerTayar 2012).DiagnosisThe cultivate involves the blood tests including antibody tests, urinalysis and a chest X-ray which is mostly overseen by Rheumatology Consultants whose area of specialisation is autoimmune diseases and also soft tissue treatment. Muscu loskeletal symptoms are analysed when trying to diagnose System lupus erythematous and it can be manifested as arthritis or arthralgia in which the patient expresses it as stiffness and pain, when it occurs in System lupus erythematous it can be in the form of migratory or temporary pain and it is difficult to be diagnosed since it may be present when the patient makes the appointment with a doctor only to be resolved in the process of evaluation(Ginzler Tayar 2012 and Knott 2012). Systemic lupus erythematosus caused fewer erosions or fixed deformities unlike rheumatoid arthritis which is much more degernerative to the joints (GinzlerTayar 2012). There is also the possibility of around 4% of the patients will suffer from myositis ( which is the inflamation of the muscle tissue) and this can be examined by taking a biopsy of muscle tissue (Giannouli 2006).Pharmacology and associated treatmentUnfortunately there is no cure for Systemic lupus erythematosus and the treatment plan is b ased on symptom relief as opposed to direct treatment of the disease(GinzlerTayar 2012, Blank et al 2007, Knott 2012). Treatment of Systemic lupus erythematosus is very specific to the individual patient and it always depends in manifestation of the symptoms, the disease severity and most importantly the specific organ affected(Giannouli 2006). In order to ready the most appropriate treatment plan the rheumatology consultant will perform a number of diagnostic tests and depending on what the results are will influence the treatment plan (Giannouli 2006).Patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus will often need to take a group of medications called non-steroidal anti inflammatory do drugss (Knott 2012). This group of medications work by trim down the inflammation in the affected joints and hopefully bring down the amount of pain the patient is in. Some common non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are ibuprofen, aspirin and diclofenac sodium (these are all available with out a prescription from a pharmacy), the rheumatology consultant may recommend Naproxen or pirixicam in certain circumstances (BNF 2014). With non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs there is a risk that they may cause damage to the lining of the stomach and could even cause ulceration in the stomach when interpreted over long periods of time in high doses(Knott 2012).If the patient is taking frequent non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs they may be prescribed a proton nub inhibitor medication in order to protect the stomach. These medications work by reducing the amount of acid the stomach produced and thus protecting the lining of the stomach (Knott 2012). customary proton pump inhibitor medications include omperazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and esomeprazole (BNF 2014).A further treratment that a rheumatology consultant may consider is the use of a medication called hydroxychloroquine (Giannouli 2006). Hydroxychloroquine was earlier an anti-malarial drug however it has recen tly started being used to treat the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus and is a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (also known as DMARD)(Knott 2012). Hydroxychloroquine works by reducing the response from the immune system which is causing the symptoms (this is probably the closest treatment to treating the cause as opposed to just the symptoms). It is used as a long term treatment to try and prevent relapses or flare ups of the disease (GinzlerTayar 2012).Corticosteroids may be used in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (GinzlerTayar 2012). They may be prescribed during relapses of the disease. Corticosteroids work by blocking the normal function of the white blood cells and reducing the inflammation response(Knott 2012). However the negative aspect of this is that it leaves patients very defenseless to infections(GinzlerTayar 2012). Other side effect could include the patients bones becoming more fragile, the skin becoming thinner, hypertension and also weight gain. For this reason corticosteroids will only be used to treat flare ups at the minimum effective dose and then reduce the dose slowly as the symptoms ease. Corticosteroids used in the treatment of this disease are hydrocortisone and predniselone(BNF 2014).Often used in conjunction with corticosteroids during a relapse are a group of medications called immunosuppressants . These medications will work by reducing the action of the immune system and will be used when the immune system is attacking a healthy part of the patients body(Knott 2012). over again these medications will reduce the pateints ability to fight harmful infections and can cause many side effects. Immunosuppresent medications used include azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide (BNF 2014).The final medication to be discussed is called Rituximab. Rituximab was originally created to treat blood cancer however an by-label use for this medication is to treat autoimmune diseases. The way Rituximab works is by destroying the B-Cells(The B-Cells which cause the release of antibodies resulting in the symptoms). As with all the other medications there could be side effects the most common being dizziness and vomiting. Rituximab can only be administered intravenoulsy so will normally require hospital admission for the patient to receive it .(Knott 2012)Other interventions include an advice session from the doctor regarding the patients lifestyle and diet may be of racy importance this may help the patient and minimise lifestyle related stress (GinzlerTayar 2012) . The patient may be suggested to work with a support group or even receive counselling as the condition can cause severe and life limiting symptoms while in relapse. Most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are also advised to avoid the sun as it can aggravate and skin symptoms(Knott 2012).ConclusionSystemic Lupus Erythematosus is a very complex disease and can present itself in many different ways depending on the patient a nd the part of the body affected. In the pre-hospital environment it is very important to disembowel a detailed history in order to identify whether they have been diagnosed with this disease. Clinicians must remember systemic lupus ertythematosus can limit a patients quality off life while they are having a relapse so it is important to assess each patients individual symptoms and if necessary administer pain relief and position them so they are comfortable. It is also important for ambulance clinicians to be mindful of the patients joints when using moving and handling techniques as this could obviously cause the patient discomfort or even pain due to the condition.ReferencesArthritus Research UK. (2014). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. open http//www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/drugs/hydroxychloroquine/what-it-is.aspx. Last accessed 20/03/2014.Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Perl A. 2009. Cross-talk of the environment with the host genome and the immune system through end ogenous retroviruses in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. Nov18 (13)1136-43Giannouli, S (2006) Annals of rheumatic disease, Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus from pathophysiology to clinical diagnosis. 65(2) p144-148Ginzler E, Tayar J. 2012. Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Updated January 2012. Available at http//www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/diseases_and_conditions/lupus.pdfsearch=sle. Accessed on February 21, 2014 at 2130Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K (February 2009). Familial associations of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune diseases and related conditions. Arthritis Rheumatology. 60 (3) 6618Knott, L. (2012). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Available http//www.patient.co.uk/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus. Last accessed 20/03/2014.Somers E, Thomas L, Smeeth L .2007. Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United Kingdom, Arthritus Rheum 1557(4) p612 p618.